Assessment of Residual Flow and Sediment Distribution Pattern in the Bay of Bengal using a Mathematical Model

Abstract

The Bay of Bengal's coastal region is distinct from other tropical coastlines due to its significant freshwater runoff and sediment transport, primarily influenced by the dynamics of the Meghna Estuary.This research investigates the complex hydrodynamic and morphological processes within the Meghna Estuary, which serves as a crucial conduit for the Lower Meghna River, receiving flows from major river systems such as the Brahmaputra and Ganges.The study employs a two-dimensional mathematical model to analyze residual flow patterns, sediment distribution, and the impacts of hydrodynamic factors including tidal actions, wind, and sediment transport.Furthermore, the integration of remote sensing technology enhances the calibration of sediment transport models, providing insights into erosion and accretion processes in the estuary.This research aims to inform sustainable land reclamation strategies necessary for mitigating the impacts of climate change and rising sea levels in Bangladesh, a densely populated country vulnerable to such environmental challenges.The findings contribute to a better understanding of the estuarine dynamics and highlight the potential for land reclamation to bolster both ecological resilience and economic development in the region.